First, selecting high-quality seedlings is the premise to improve the survival rate.
The shoots of seedlings are completely lignified, with no dead top and full terminal buds. The height of the seedling is more than 3 meters, the trunk is thick and straight, the root system is complete and there are many fibrous roots, the length of the main root is more than 20 cm, and the length of the lateral root is more than 5 cm. No pests and diseases, no mechanical damage is better.
Second, the planting time and place are the necessary conditions to improve the survival rate of poplar planting.
1. Plant in time
Generally, it is carried out before the seedlings germinate, when the seedlings save more nutrients and consume less. Small transpiration, easy water retention and easy root healing. After beginning of spring, before Arbor Day, plants began to recover, and tree buds have not yet sprouted, which is a good season for planting. However, after Arbor Day, the temperature rose rapidly. Soon after planting trees, the aboveground parts have sprouted and grown, but the roots can't be completely restored, and the survival rate of trees is reduced.
Step 2 plant trees in the right place
Poplar has developed roots and strong respiration, which requires good soil ventilation conditions. The soil at the planting site should be moist, fertile, deep and well drained. The effective soil layer can be planted at 40 ~ 100 cm, the thicker the better, and the groundwater level is between1.5 ~ 2 m.
3. Careful planting is an important guarantee to improve the survival rate of poplar planting.
1. Preventing seedlings from losing water is the key to ensure survival. We should do everything possible to prevent seedlings from losing water during seedling raising and transportation. It is best to soak the roots with clear water before planting seedlings, and it is forbidden to be exposed to the wind and the sun.
2. Dig a pit early, and pile the excavated upper and lower soil aside to facilitate soil weathering and prepare for planting Yang Miao. The tree pit should be dug large, the diameter should be 2/3 wider than the seedling root, and the depth of the seedling planting pit should not be less than 1 m, and the depth should not be less than 60 ~ 80 cm. Remove cinder, lime and other sundries in the pit, so as to facilitate the trees to take root and grow.
3. The plant spacing must be straight and symmetrical to minimize the error, and it should be fixed, set out, accurately positioned and clearly marked.
4. When planting, the tree body must be vertical and cannot be skewed. For example, the seedling top is slightly curved, but when planting, the seedling tip that is not perpendicular to the ground turns to the north, and the seedling tip is gradually straightened by using the phototropism of poplar seedlings.
5. Poplar planting can be summarized as "three burying, two stepping and one seedling raising". The specific method is as follows: first, bury the topsoil to a depth of 1/5 (20cm), and then put the seedlings in into the pit to stretch the seedlings. When the topsoil is filled with 1/2 (50cm), the seedlings are slightly lifted upward, so that the soil is in close contact with the root system and compacted.
Fourthly, strengthening tending management is the follow-up guarantee to improve the survival rate of poplar afforestation.
1. Rational fertilization. Fertilize well, not indiscriminately. It is best not to fertilize immediately when planting in spring. Fertilization should wait until the summer solstice. At this time, the temperature is high, the trees grow vigorously and consume a lot, and they need to differentiate to form overwintering buds. Newly planted seedlings are generally not fertilized, because the roots have many wounds and are very fragile.
2. Timely irrigation. Poplar has a great demand for water. Generally, water it 3-4 times a year. Before germination in late March, the green water should be watered back. May-June can promote the growth of branches and leaves,165438+1October should be irrigated with antifreeze water to promote the growth of roots. In areas with severe spring drought, water them immediately after planting. After irrigation, the soil in the planting hole sinks unevenly, so when the seedlings tilt, they should be righted and covered in time. If after planting, it is found that the seedlings have dried up and there is no hope of survival, but the roots are still alive, they should be leveled immediately. If we can master the above technical measures and firmly grasp the above links, the survival rate of poplar planting will be greatly improved. Wu Lixun, a poplar expert from Hunan Academy of Forestry, made an estimate for the reporter: the annual yield of large-diameter timber per mu is 0.7- 1 m3, and the high-yield land can reach 1.5 m3. The price of large-diameter timber is around 800 yuan, and the price of 10-20 cm small-diameter timber is around 500 yuan. The average annual gross income per mu is 400-700 yuan. The current cost is around 40%. Excluding the cost, it is about 250-450 yuan.
The benefit of small-scale operation is not obvious. If there are 1 1,000 mu of poplars, the annual net income can reach more than 400,000 yuan. The reporter's investigation found that the number of poplar bosses is very small, and most of the poplars owned by everyone are thousands of acres.
Among the poplars in Yuanjiang, 83% are planted by individuals and individuals, including 8 poplars over 10,000 mu, 5,000 mu/0/6 poplars and 92 poplars over/0/0,000 mu.
Li, president of Hanshou Poplar Industry Association, said that there are currently more than 100 individuals and units planting poplars, and poplars account for more than 70% of the poplar area in Hanshou County, while poplars in Hanshou County are between 500,000 and 600,000 mu. "Any product has market problems, and there is a very big gap in wood in China within ten to twenty years. Our per capita timber possession is very small. China imports 654.38+07 billion cubic meters of timber every year, accounting for 34% of the total demand. . Therefore, Baiyang is not worried about sales. " .
At the same time, the biggest feature of poplar is its fast growth. Small-diameter timber can be harvested in 5 or 6 years for papermaking and 8 to 10 years for large-diameter timber. Compared with Chinese fir and other tree species, the payback period is very short.
It is precisely because of the considerable profits that most beaches have been robbed, and large-scale afforestation is coming to an end. But even in 2007, many poplar bosses will drive excavators into protected areas and even core areas. They are willing to plant poplars at a higher cost. Benefits other than poplar: rent-free, subsidies and loans.
In 200 1 year, Yuanjiang city promulgated the "new afforestation management measures", the core clause of which is: after individual afforestation is included in afforestation projects, financial support will be given according to the seedling price of 25 yuan/mu.
In Hanshou, from 1997-2005, the government subsidized poplar planting with three or four million yuan every year. In recent years, Yuanjiang Finance has spent more than 8 million yuan to subsidize poplar planting.
In addition, in Dongting Lake area, there are various national project subsidies, such as the Yangtze River Shelterbelt Project, the Sino-German Cooperative Ecological Forest Project and the Schistosomiasis Control Forest Project. These projects that can be applied for are about 100 yuan/mu.
Rent-free is also an exciting policy. On June 9, 2004, 65438, Yuanjiang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government issued the Decision on Further Accelerating Forestry Development, which stipulated: "Individuals, collectives and companies that come to our city to take ridging and other engineering measures to develop wasteland and beaches, with large investment scale and long payback period, can transfer their land at a low price or waive land lease fees in the first rotation period (within 8 years), as long as they start from the second rotation period.
In fact, the policy of rent-free and tax-free has been implemented before the document. Since most beaches belong to administrative or public institutions such as Huzhou Administration, rent-free is easy to implement. As a result, many poplar investors paid a low price in the early days, 20 yuan 10- an acre, and even got thousands of acres of land for free.
At the same time, the decision stipulates: "The bank will implement long-term and low-interest credit support policies for forestry according to the credit policy."
Relevant regulations also include: "Cancel the special tax on log agriculture, and gradually return all the collected afforestation funds to forestry producers and operators". "Encourage the rational circulation of the right to use forests, trees and woodlands, and all kinds of social subjects can participate in the circulation through contracting, leasing, transfer, auction, negotiation and allocation."
Some companies even go to major cities to circle money after getting land for almost free.