Up to now, among the 36 countries and regions that have established sovereign wealth funds in the world, resource exporters or commodity exporters have established sovereign wealth funds by using the corresponding export income, including the oil producers of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries such as the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, as well as non-OPEC oil producers such as Russia, Norway and Brunei, independent regions rich in oil such as Alaska, and copper exporters such as Chile and diamond exporters such as Botswana. The sovereign investment funds established by emerging markets in East Asia with long-term and sustained trade surplus include Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea and China.