The Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution (referred to as "Soil Ten Articles") will be promulgated and implemented by the State Council this year. The reporter of "China Business News" learned from the Ministry of Environmental Protection that at present, the text content of "Tushitiao" is basically mature.
In terms of fund-raising, the relevant compilation unit of "Ten Articles of Soil" suggested that 10% of the land transfer income should be taken from the soil and used for the soil. According to estimates, if 10% of the land transfer income is used for soil pollution control, plus the input of the central government and social funds,150-200 billion yuan can be invested every year. Considering the gradual tightening of national land policy, it is estimated that 1. 1 trillion-1.4 trillion yuan will be raised by 2020, which can effectively solve the problem of serious shortage of investment in soil pollution prevention and control at present.
However, regarding the funding for soil pollution control, at the National Environmental Protection Work Conference held recently on 20 16, Chen Jining, Minister of Environmental Protection, said that "some enterprises and experts are willing to speculate on this matter, and they are willing to spend tens or hundreds of trillions at a time", and said that "changing the utilization mode of soil is the most fundamental and effective way to avoid the spread of pollution".
Where does the prevention and control fund come from?
"Soil pollution is mainly caused by heavy metal pollution, and it is mainly caused by human activities." Wang Shuyi, the Chinese leader of the special policy research project group on soil pollution management of China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development and director of the Environmental Law Research Center of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, said that the soil environment in China is getting worse and worse, and the overall situation is not optimistic.
Wang Shuyi cited three sets of data: the bulletin of national pollution investigation in April 20 14 showed that the total over-standard rate of soil in China was 16. 1%, the pollution was mainly inorganic, accounting for 82.8% of the over-standard points, and the over-standard rate of cultivated soil was 19.4%. Soil pollution is serious in some areas, and the environmental quality of cultivated land is worrying.
Another set of data comes from the Geochemistry Investigation Report of Cultivated Land in China issued by Geological Survey of Ministry of Land and Resources, with an investigation area of 65.438+0.507 million square kilometers and nearly 65.438+0.4 billion mu of cultivated land, accounting for 68% of 2 billion mu of cultivated land. The survey results show that 8% of cultivated land is polluted.
The third set of data comes from the investigation report of Geochemical Exploration magazine, and it is considered that the clean soil in China is 60%, the sub-clean soil is nearly 30%, and the polluted soil is 2.6%.
Wang Shuyi said that soil resources are the main source of human food, and research shows that 95% of food comes from soil. China is a country with a population of 65.438+0.3 billion, that is to say, it is a big grain consumer. At present, the functions of soil production and ecological services are declining.
Zhao Qiguo, a soil scientist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that from the perspective of pollution distribution, soil pollution in the south is heavier than that in the north; The problem of soil pollution in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Northeast old industrial base and other areas is more prominent, and these areas are the main grain producing areas in China. "Whether it is direct soil pollution or air, surface water and groundwater pollution caused by soil pollution, it will eventually cause harm to animals and people."
Our reporter learned that in recent years, the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Environmental Protection began to compile the Action Plan for Soil Environmental Protection, and focused on the special research on the funding mechanism for soil pollution control and remediation.
It is found that compared with water, air and other environmental problems, China's investment in soil pollution control is more limited, and a stable investment channel has not yet been established.
According to the introduction of the research group, most foreign developed countries have established a stable investment mechanism for soil pollution control. In 1970s, the "Ralph Canal Incident" occurred in the United States. In order to solve the problem of soil pollution left over from history and support the remediation of contaminated soil with uncertain responsibility, the Super Fund Law was promulgated.
The initial capital of the "Super Fund" is $6543.8+600 million, and the main source is to levy environmental taxes on specific chemicals ($ 0.22-4.87 per ton) and petroleum (9.7 cents per barrel). This part of the tax revenue accounts for 86% of the total source of funds, and the remaining 14% is allocated by the US government.
The Superfund Law stipulates that the responsible party shall be responsible for cleaning up any facilities that discharge or may discharge hazardous wastes. This law clearly stipulates the responsibilities of polluters, owners and users of real estate, including land and factories, in a retrospective way. According to the Superfund Act, the U.S. government has the right to ask the responsible party that caused the pollution accident to control the soil pollution or pay the soil pollution control fee. Refuse to pay, the government may require them to pay a fine of less than 3 times the fee payable.
What is the income from land transfer?
According to the introduction of the research group, in the United States and Russia, the land transfer income is shared by the central and local governments, and most countries also follow the principle of "taking it from the soil and using it for the soil", and explicitly propose to use the land transfer income for land management, land protection and environmental improvement.
The research group believes that it is an important financial measure to effectively solve the problem of insufficient investment in soil environmental protection and pollution control by extracting a certain proportion of land transfer income under the current conditions of limited local financial resources and insufficient investment in China.
At present, more than 60% of the land transfer income in China is the cost of demolition and land acquisition, and only 1/3 is the net income of local land finance, that is, land transfer income.
According to the introduction of the research group, "sharing" land transfer income is not without precedent. Since 2004, the state has successively issued a series of policies, and extracted a number of special funds from the land transfer income at a fixed or irregular ratio. For example, the funds withdrawn in a fixed proportion are 10% for affordable housing construction, 10% for education, 10% for farmland water conservancy construction and 15% for agricultural land.
"In order to ensure the investment in soil environmental protection and comprehensive management, it is suggested that 10% of the land transfer income should be used for the implementation of relevant plans for soil pollution prevention and control and the construction of restoration projects." According to the calculation of the research group, taking the statistical data of land resources in 20 13 years as an example, the total income from land transfer in that year reached 4 1 trillion yuan, and the income from land transfer was about 1.3 trillion yuan. According to this scale, if all localities extract 10% from the land transfer income for soil pollution control, plus the central government and social capital investment, they can invest15-200 billion yuan every year. Considering the gradual tightening of national land policy, by 2020, it is estimated that1.65,438+0-1.4 trillion yuan can be raised, which can effectively solve the serious shortage of investment in soil pollution prevention and control.
Considering that China's land transfer income mainly comes from the eastern region, in order to balance the investment in soil environmental protection between regions, especially the capital demand for farmland soil environmental protection in the central and western regions, the research group suggested that the central government should coordinate the soil pollution prevention and control funds calculated by land transfer income in various regions according to 30%.
Will the extraction of soil control funds from land transfer income affect the public budget revenue of local governments? In this regard, the calculation of the research group shows that fiscal revenue belongs to the category of public budget, while land transfer revenue and expenditure are included in the budget management of government funds, accounting separately from the public budget, managing separately and earmarking. Changes in land transfer income will not have a direct impact on public budget revenue.
In addition, the research group suggests that governments at all levels can also form an effective incentive mechanism by improving policies such as price, taxation, finance and land, cultivate soil pollution control and repair the market, establish a market-oriented mechanism, and attract social capital to invest in soil environmental protection and pollution control.
How should soil pollution be treated?
Li, vice minister of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, revealed that according to the previous investigation, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has drawn up a goal, that is, to strive to basically curb the deterioration trend of soil pollution in six to seven years. On the basis of the first national soil pollution survey, this year, the Ministry of Environmental Protection will organize a detailed survey of soil pollution, comprehensively review the current situation of soil pollution, and find out the background of soil pollution as soon as possible.
However, regarding the issue of raising funds for prevention and control, Chen Jining said, "It has been said before that soil pollution control needs more than ten trillion yuan and hundreds of trillion yuan. No! This is not the way of governance. "
Chen Jining believes that the prevention and control of soil pollution should first emphasize risk management. Changing the use of soil is the most fundamental and effective way to avoid the spread of pollution. "Don't say that soil pollution prevention is a comprehensive big governance. No country in the world does this. "
Chen Jining said that the Superfund Act of the United States also controls this kind of control. We should change the use structure and try not to use contaminated soil. "Can't grow grain and plant trees? Can't do residential land, can you build a park? " Chen Jining believes that the prevention and control of soil pollution is generally solved by changing the use, but at the same time, monitoring should be done well.
(The above answers were published on 20 16-02- 18. Please refer to the actual situation for the current purchase policy. )
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