Short-term loan is a kind of loan, which refers to all kinds of loans that enterprises borrow from banks or other financial institutions and other external units to maintain normal production and operation or pay off certain debts, and the repayment period is within one year (including one year). Short-term loans for industrial and commercial enterprises mainly include: operating revolving loans, temporary loans, settlement loans, bill discount loans, seller's credit, advance deposit loans and special reserve loans. (1) Operating revolving loan: also called productive revolving loan or commodity revolving loan. Loans issued by enterprises to banks or other financial institutions because their working capital cannot meet the needs of normal production and operation. When handling loans, enterprises should submit annual and quarterly loan plans to banks in accordance with relevant regulations. After the approval of the bank, the borrower of the loan plan shall handle the loan according to the loan receipt. (2) Temporary loans: short-term loans allocated by enterprises due to seasonal and temporary objective reasons when the normal working capital cannot meet the needs and exceeds the production turnover or commodity turnover. Temporary loans should be written off one by one. The loan term is generally 3 to 6 years, which can be used for specified purposes and returned according to the accounting period. (3) Settlement loan: when an enterprise settles the sales payment by collection and acceptance, it borrows money to solve the funds needed in transit after the goods are sent out and before the payment is received. If an enterprise collects loans from the bank within the specified time limit after delivery (usually 3 days, but not more than 7 days under special circumstances), it may apply for collection and acceptance to settle the loans. The loan amount is usually calculated according to the collection amount and the agreed discount rate, which is roughly equivalent to the cost of goods sold plus prepaid freight and miscellaneous fees. After the enterprise's payment is recovered, the bank will deduct its loan by itself. (4) Discount loan for bills: holders of bank acceptance bills or commercial acceptance bills may apply for floating discount loans when their business turnover is difficult, and the term generally does not exceed 3 months. If the current loan amount is generally the floating face value minus the discount interest, then the discount loan interest is the bill discount interest, and the bank will deduct it in advance when discounting. (5) Seller's credit: Enterprises whose products are included in the national plan and whose quality is in the leading position in the whole country apply for loans from banks because of the approval of installment sales and insufficient production and operation bonuses. Such loans should be repaid in installments according to the progress of payment recovery, and the term is generally 1 to 2 years. (6) Pre-deposit loan: money borrowed from banks by commercial enterprises for purchasing agricultural and sideline products and issuing pre-deposits. Such loans are issued according to the varieties stipulated by the state and the approved plan standards, and special account management is implemented. The longest loan period is no more than one year. (7) Special reserve loan: the money borrowed from banks by commercial wholesale enterprises approved by the state for reserve commodities. This kind of loan must be earmarked, and the loan period is determined according to the approved reserve period. You can get a complete set of systematic accounting learning materials! You can also try the accounting course of 15 days for free! We can't reply in time because there are too many recipients. Please be patient. Related questions and answers:

2. What are the types of short-term loans?

Short-term loans refer to the funds needed by enterprises to maintain normal production and operation, or all kinds of loans borrowed in full from banks or other financial institutions, and the repayment period is within one year or within an operating cycle of one year.

Classification of short-term loans:

Short-term loans of industrial and commercial enterprises mainly include: operating revolving loans, temporary loans, settlement loans, bill discount loans, seller's credit, pre-purchase deposit loans and special reserve loans.

Short-term loans are classified as follows:

1. Operating revolving loan: also known as productive revolving loan or commodity revolving loan. Loans obtained by enterprises from banks or other financial institutions because their working capital cannot meet the needs of normal production and operation. When handling loans, enterprises should submit annual and quarterly loan plans to banks in accordance with relevant regulations. After approval by banks, borrowers in the loan plans can handle loans with loan receipts.

2. Temporary loan: Due to seasonal and temporary objective reasons, the normal working capital of the enterprise cannot meet the needs and exceeds the production turnover or commodity turnover.

Short-term loans transferred. Temporary loans are subject to the "one-by-one nuclear loan" method. The loan term is generally 3 to 6 years, used according to the specified purposes and returned according to the accounting period.

3. Settlement loan: when the sales payment is settled by collection and acceptance, the enterprise borrows money to solve the funds needed in transit after the goods are sent out and before the payment is received. If an enterprise collects money from the bank within the specified time limit after delivery (usually 3 days, but not more than 7 days in special circumstances), it may apply for collection and acceptance to settle the loan. The loan amount is usually calculated according to the collection amount and the agreed discount rate, which is roughly equivalent to the cost of selling goods plus prepaid transportation and miscellaneous fees. After the enterprise's payment is recovered, the bank will deduct its loan by itself.

4. Discounted bill loan: In case of difficult business turnover, the loan using bank acceptance bill or commercial acceptance bill can be applied for flying discount, and the term generally does not exceed 3 months. If the current loan amount is generally the floating face value after deducting the discount interest, then the discount loan interest is the bill discount interest, which is deducted by the bank first when discounting.

5. Seller's credit: a loan in which the products are included in the national plan, the enterprises with leading quality in the whole country apply to the bank for installment payment, and the production and operation bonus is insufficient, resulting in insufficient production and operation bonus due to sales. This kind of loan should be repaid in installments according to the repayment progress, and the term is generally 1 to 2 years.

6. Pre-deposit loan: money borrowed from banks by commercial enterprises for purchasing agricultural and sideline products and issuing pre-deposits. Such loans are issued according to the varieties stipulated by the state and the approved plans, and special account management is implemented. The longest loan term shall not exceed 1 year.

7. Special reserve loan: the money borrowed from banks by commercial wholesale enterprises approved by the state for reserve commodities. This kind of loan must be earmarked, and the loan period is determined according to the approved reserve period.

3. What are the types of short-term loans?

Short-term loans mainly include operating revolving loans, temporary loans, settlement loans, bill discount loans, seller's credit, advance deposit loans and special reserve loans. Details are as follows:

1. Operating revolving loan: a loan obtained by an enterprise from a bank or other financial institution because its working capital cannot meet the needs of normal production and operation. When handling loans, enterprises should submit annual and quarterly loan plans to banks according to relevant regulations, and handle loans according to the loan receipts in the loan plans after approval by banks.

2. Temporary loans: short-term loans that the normal working capital of an enterprise cannot meet the needs due to seasonal and temporary objective reasons and exceed the turnover of production or commodities. The loan term is generally 3 to 6 months, used according to the specified purposes and returned according to the accounting period.

3. Settlement loan: when the sales payment is settled by collection and acceptance, the enterprise borrows money to solve the funds needed in transit after the goods are sent out and before the payment is received. If an enterprise collects money from the bank within the specified time limit after delivery (usually 3 days, but not more than 7 days in special circumstances), it may apply for collection and acceptance to settle the loan.

4. Bill discount loan: If the holder of a bank acceptance bill or a commercial acceptance bill has difficulties in operating turnover, the loan period for applying for bill discount is generally not more than 3 months.

5. Seller's credit: an enterprise whose products are included in the national plan and whose quality is in the leading position in the whole country applies for a loan from the bank because of the approval of installment sales and insufficient funds for production and operation. This kind of loan should be repaid in installments according to the repayment progress, and the term is generally 1 to 2 years.

6. Pre-deposit loan: money borrowed from banks by commercial enterprises for purchasing agricultural and sideline products and issuing pre-deposits. Such loans are issued according to the varieties stipulated by the state and the approved plans, and special account management is implemented. The longest loan term shall not exceed 1 year.

7. Special reserve loan: the money borrowed from banks by commercial wholesale enterprises approved by the state for reserve commodities. This kind of loan must be earmarked, and the loan period is determined according to the approved reserve period.

Extended data:

Interest settlement methods of short-term loans: monthly payment, quarterly payment, semi-annual payment, and one-time repayment of principal and interest at maturity.

1. The short-term loan interest of the enterprise is paid monthly, or the interest is paid together with the principal when the loan expires. If the amount is not large, it can be directly included in the current profit and loss when it is actually paid or the interest notice from the bank is received.

2. If the short-term loan interest is paid on schedule (such as quarterly payment), or the interest is paid together when the loan principal is repaid at maturity, and the amount is large, in order to correctly calculate the profit and loss of each period, the accrual method should be adopted, and it should be accrued monthly, included in the current profit and loss, and paid at maturity.